Windows Server は 2003 Server 以上を想定して書いている。 これに対し、CentOS で Apache環境を構築し、連帯する 2.必要モジュールのインストール $ yum install mod_auth_kerb 3.Windows Domain Server 上での作業 ドメインのユーザとして、kerblinux1というアカウントを作成します。. I've setup Apache HTTPD 2.4 with mod_auth_kerb, created a service account on Active Directory, added a SPN for my http hostname, created a keytab file on the linux machine, and had SSO start working.
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| 1. Prerequisites |
| ---------------- |
| - Development enviroment for Kerberos5 and/or Kerberos4 (i.e. libraries and |
| header files). The module works with the MIT Kerberos implementation |
| (supporting both krb4 and krb5), the kth-krb Kerberos4 implementation, |
| and the Heimdal Kerberos5 implementation. Kerberos libraries come with |
| most Linux distributions but they may not be installed by default. |
| - Apache server installed with SSL support. |
| Both 1.x and 2.x series of Apache are supported, provided they are |
| compiled to support DSO. SSL support (provided by either mod_ssl or |
| apache-ssl) is necessary for the module to work in a secure way. Most |
| Linux distributions contain suitable Apache packages. |
| - The latest source of the module available from the main project site |
| (http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=51775). |
| - Working C compiler, GNU make. |
| 2. Building and installing the module |
| ------------------------------------- |
| Unpack the distribution tarball and run the configure script to set up the |
| build enviroment. The script will try to find krb5 and/or krb4 libraries and |
| headers and an Apache installation directory. You can use following flags to |
| specify locations of these files: |
| --with-krb4=<dir> |
| --with-krb5=<dir> |
| these options are used to specify locations of the installation |
| directories for krb4 and krb5, respectively. If you don't want to |
| compile support for one of the method, use no as the appropriate |
| parameter or specify --without-krb5 or --without-krb4. |
| --with-apache=<dir> |
| use this parameter to specify location where the Apache installation |
| resides. |
| After the configuration script finishes run make followed by make install. |
| In order to install the module you will have to have writing permission for |
| the apache directory. |
| An example of the building stage follows: |
| ./configure --with-krb5=/software/krb5-1.3.1 |
| --with-krb4=no |
| --with-apache=/software/apache-2.0.47 |
| make |
| su |
| make install |
| 3. Create the Kerberos principal for the server |
| ----------------------------------------------- |
| A service principal for the web server must be registered with the KDC in |
| order to let the module verify users properly. In general the principals for |
| web servers have names with format HTTP/servername@REALM, where servername |
| is the fully-qualified domain name of the server and REALM is your Kerberos |
| realm. If you have multiple virtual servers requiring authentication |
| service principals have to be generated for each virtual servername. After |
| creating the service principal, corresponding Kerberos keys must be |
| extracted to a keytab file stored on the server host. Steps to create the |
| principal and extracting the keys vary depending on the KDC server type |
| used. |
| Heimdal or MIT KDC |
| ------------------ |
| From the www machine start the kadmin command, connect to the KDC and create |
| principal HTTP/servername@REALM with a random key(s). Then extract the keys |
| into a local keytab and change ownership and permissions for the keytab |
| file so that only the apache user can access it. Example using kadmin from |
| Heimdal: |
| kadmin -p admin@REALM -r REALM ank -r HTTP/servername@REALM |
| kadmin -p admin@REALM -r REALM ext -k /etc/httpd/keytab HTTP/servername@REALM |
| chown nobody /etc/httpd/keytab |
| chmod 400 /etc/httpd/keytab |
| Windows 2000 Domain Controler |
| ----------------------------- |
| The Kerberos realm in Active Directory is the same as the DNS domain |
| name of the AD domain. For example, a Kerberos principal for host |
| server.example.com might be 'HTTP/server.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM'. |
| To install the principal in AD you first need to create a user account in the |
| domain for the server. It makes sense to call this account something |
| meaningful, maybe 'httpd_servername' so that it is obvious what this account is |
| used for. To create the account you can use standard AD tools. Make sure that |
| the user account has 'Password never expires' set and write down the password |
| you set for the account (you will need it later). |
| When using ticket based authentication (KrbMethodNegotiate) and also wanting |
| to save the ticket (KrbSaveCredentials), the user account for the Kerberos |
| principal must have the option 'Account is trusted for delegation' set. This |
| enables to user account to delegate the tickets to the server for further |
| authentication. |
| If you want to kerberize additional hosts you need to create one user account |
| per each kerberized host. |
| The Kerberos principal is associated with a user account with the ktpass.exe |
| tool that is part of the Microsoft Support Tools package. This tools needs to |
| be run on a domain controller. To associate a Kerberos principal with a user |
| account just run ktpass.exe in a command prompt with appropriate parameters to |
| create a keytab file. Full description of the ktpass.exe command can be found |
| at http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;324144. |
| ktpass -out c:apache.ktab -princ HTTP/server.name@REALM.NAME |
| -pass account_password -mapuser httpd_servername -crypto DES-CBC-MD5 |
| In the above the c:apache.ktab is the name of the created keytab file, |
| account_passwored is the password you set for the user account and |
| httpd_servername is the name of the user account. The DES-CBC-MD5 encryption |
| is needed to get Heimdal to work with Microsoft KDC, MIT Kerberos does not |
| seem to need it but it does not hurt either. In fact, RFC1510 discourages |
| using DES-CBC-CRC (default in Win2k ktpass.exe) so it's probably better to |
| use DES-CBC-MD5 in all cases. |
| You need to copy the keytab file to your web server in a secure way to avoid |
| revealing the server key(s). Note that the copy needs to be done in binary |
| mode to avoid corrupting the file. Make sure that the keytab file is owned by |
| the apache user and only readable to this user (i.e. the permissions are 400). |
| After copying the keytab verify the content using the ktutil tool. |
| See http://www.grolmsnet.de/kerbtut for more information about using |
| mod_auth_kerb with Windows KDC. |
| 4. Verifying krb5 on the server host |
| ------------------------------------ |
| Before starting configuring the module make sure your Kerberos enviroment on |
| the web host is properly configured. The easiest way to check is using the |
| kinit command to get a ticket from the KDC. |
| 5. Configuring mod_auth_kerb |
| ---------------------------- |
| First make sure that Apache works as expected. |
| You need to load the mod_auth_kerb module. To do this, add a LoadModule |
| statement into the appropriate section of httpd.conf file. |
| LoadModule auth_kerb_module modules/mod_auth_kerb.so |
| The configuration of mod_auth_kerb can be done per directory. The |
| configuration directives can be stored in either a <Directory> section of |
| httpd.conf or in a .htaccess file in the coresponding directory. Example of a |
| Directory section from httpd.conf: |
| <Directory /var/www/private> |
| AuthType Kerberos |
| AuthName 'Kerberos Login' |
| Krb5Keytab /etc/apache/apache.keytab |
| KrbAuthRealms EXAMPLE.COM |
| Require valid-user |
| </Directory> |
| The Krb5Keytab file is the one created as described above in section 3. |
| Summary of all configuration directives supported by the module can be found in |
| README. |
| 6. Configuring the browsers |
| --------------------------- |
| For password based authentication any browser supporting the Basic HTTP |
| authentication method can be used without any changes. In order to use |
| ticket based authentication (Negotiate) you will need either MS Internet |
| Explorer 5.0+ running on Win2000 SP2 (or later) or Mozilla with the |
| Negotiateauth extension (available in 1.7beta and later). |
| Internet Explorer |
| ----------------- |
| To make the Negotiate authentication work the web server hostname must be |
| in Internet Explorer 'Local Intranet' security zone and the 'Windows |
| Integrated Authentication' must be enabled in the IE advanced options. |
| See also a guide from Microsoft describing how to configure Windows Machine to |
| use Unix KDC available at |
| http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/planning/security/kerbsteps.asp |
| Mozilla |
| ------- |
| First make sure your Mozilla distribution contains the Negotiateauth component |
| (libnegotiateauth.so on Unix, negotiateauth.dll on Windows). Generally this is |
| included in versions 1.7beta and later on Unix platforms including Mac OSX, |
| maybe 1.8 and later on Windows.) |
| Next, you have to specify URL's for which it is allowed to use the Negotiate |
| authentication method. It's done by setting the |
| network.negotiate-auth.trusted-uris preference. In order to set it, just type |
| 'about:config' in the URL bar and then set the value of |
| 'network.negotiate-auth.trusted-uris' to 'https://secured.webserver.name'. |
| If you want to find out what happens in the Negotiateauth component use |
| following environment variables: |
| NSPR_LOG_MODULES=negotiateauth:5 |
| NSPR_LOG_FILE=/tmp/negotiateauth.log |
| before starting Mozilla. You will see debugging messages logged in the file |
| specified by NSPR_LOG_FILE (/tmp/negotiateauth.log) |
| KDE Konqueror |
| ------------- |
| http://www.grolmsnet.de/kerbtut/konqueror.html |
| 6. Access control |
| ----------------- |
| If you want only particular users to be able to access the secured area, you |
| can list their principal names in the appropriate Require directive. They must |
| be full Kerberos names, including the REALM part. For example: |
| Require user kouril@REALM.COM |
| The user's name is put by Apache in the REMOTE_USER environment variable so |
| that it could be used by cgi-bin scripts. |
| $Id: INSTALL,v 1.9 2005/06/03 16:58:24 kouril Exp $ |
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